Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY STUDIES OF GUANIDINE-PHOSPHONATE COMPLEXES OF IRON, COBALT AND ZINC

2024-11-08T08:22:33+00:00

This research work focused on biological activity studies of guanidine-phosphonate complexes of iron, cobalt and zinc for growth inhibition against Staphyloccoccus aureus. Staphyloccoccus aureus infected blood was treated with the guanidine-phosphonate complexes and their activities were examined through haematological and enzymatic analyses. Sterile water was used as negative control. The analyses results on packed cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, neutrophils, lymphocyte, aspartateaminotransferase and alanineaminotransferase were interpreted statistically. Guanidinophosphonateben zothiazole compounds exhibited strongest activity followed by guanidinobenzothiazole compounds. The effectiveness trend was followed by guanidinophosphonatebenzimidazole compounds which performed better than the guanidinobenzimidazole compounds. The compounds therefore indicated that guanidinophosphonatebenzothiazole compounds gave highest antimicrobial property. This was followed by guanidinobenzothiazole compounds which were found to be higher than guanidinephosphonatebenzimi dazole compounds while the least antimicrobial activity was recorded for guanidinobenzimidazole compounds

DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF HPLC METHODS FOR THE CHIRAL SEPARATION OF ARYLPYRAZOLE, CHLOROACETANILIDE AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES: CASE STUDIES OF BENZOBICYCLON, ACETOCHLOR AND CHLORDANE.

2024-11-15T07:28:47+00:00

This work is centered on the development and optimization of High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic methods for the separation of chiral pesticides, particularly benzobicyclon, chlordane and acetochlor employing Agilent Technologies Infinity II chiral HPLC system equipped with a UV – 2000 detector. The stereoisomers were successively separated using a standard analytical column of dimensions 250 mm X 4.6 mm. The Cis– stereoisomers of chlordane exhibited partial baseline separation while the Trans – enantiomers were fully separated. Benzobicyclon and acetochlor enantiomers attained full baseline separation under optimized conditions. Chlordane and benzobicyclon were analyzed using normal phase chromatography [NP]c with a mobile phase of 90% Normal hexane and 10% Isopropanol, while acetochlor was analyzed by reverse phase chromatography [RP] c using 70% methanol and 30% water. Benzobicyclon was later spiked into soil sample and subsequently extracted using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods and the extracts were further analyzed with a shorter analytical column of dimensions 75 mm X 4.6 mm. The HPLC separation revealed that the longer column provided more efficient separation for the benzobicyclon stereoisomers than the shorter column as reflected by high separation factors (?). The high recovery rate of the stereoisomers of benzobicyclon and the internal standard from the soil extracts confirmed the effectiveness of the method of extraction and the HPLC system employed.

ANTIOXIDANT, INHIBITION OF ADVANCED GLYCATION END-PRODUCT FORMATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (SCENT LEAF) METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Bacillus SPP

2024-11-15T07:12:37+00:00

The study investigates the antioxidant, inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation and antimicrobial activities of methanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum. GC-MS, qualitative, antioxidant scavenging and antiglycation activities of the extract of Ocimum gratissimum were determined using standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using standard methods. The GC-MS analysis of Ocimum gratissimum leaf revealed the presence of 49 compounds with P –cymene been the most abundant. The phytochemical screening of the extract shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins etc. The in-vitro antioxidant assay of the extract was found to have ?-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds, reducing power and DPPH scavenging activities. The extract showed significant inhibitory effects on the formation of compounds containing two carbonyl groups and Advanced Glycated End products formation with IC50 of 75.85 ±4.87 µg/mL. Agar well diffusion assay was characterized by inhibition zones of 21.0 ± 0.30, 19.66 ± 0.20, 33.78± 0.30 and 33.25 ± 0.40 mm for Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp respectively at 250 mg/ml for Ocimum gratissimum and 25 mg/ml for tetracycline solution. The MIC values for E.coli and Bacillus spp were 33.33, 66.67, 0.78 and 0.78 for both extract and tetracycline while their MBC values were 66.67, 133.00, 1.56 and 1.56 respectively. MBC/ MIC values showed that Ocimum gratissimum extract and tetracycline had bactericidal effects. These results indicated that Ocimum gratissimum possesses antioxidant, prevents glycation and has antimicrobial activities.

PHOTOCATALYTIC DYE DEGREDATION USING ECOFRIENDLY SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES

2024-11-08T09:08:32+00:00

Indiscriminate discharge of industrial wastewater without proper treatment pose a great threat to the environment and living things. Although various methods are presently being used to mitigate these effects however, most of these methods have some disadvantages such as high cost, low efficiency and risk of reintroducing more pollutants to the environment. Presently, nanoparticles, due to their large surface to volume ratio and excellent adsorbent properties, have been applied in wastewater treatment. Literature studies has also revealed the efficacy of nanoparticles for individual dye degradation. In this study, ecofriendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was successfully synthesized using aqueous leaves extract of Lantana camara. The ecofriendly synthesized AgNPs was first confirm by the observation of a distinct colour change from colourless to light brown after addition of the aqueous leaves extract to 0.1 M silver nitrate salt solution. The AgNPs was examined using UV-vis spectroscopy which revealed a characteristics peak maxima at 430 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the possible biomolecules present in the leaves extract responsible for capping and stabilization of AgNPs. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature with particle size of 35.41 nm. SEM-EDS revealed the surface morphology and elemental composition with silver accounting for 71%. Dye degradation activity of AgNPs on congo red dye was also investigated which revealed that the degradation efficiency increased as concentration and exposure time increased with 80% efficiency achieved after after 6 hours. The result clearly shows the potential of ecofriendly synthesized AgNPs in enhancing the degradation of congo red dye.

MICRO AND NANO PLASTICS IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS

2024-11-08T09:01:04+00:00

Micro and nano plastics are global soil pollutants that poses potential threats to the ecosystem because of its extensive and possible threats to the ecological system. However, many aspects of microplastic in soil, such as its sources, distribution, and impacts, are still unclear. This is because of the challenges and limitations in measuring and studying microplastic in complex soil samples. In this review, the current knowledge on microplastic in soil was summarized, covering its fate and transport, detection, occurrence, characterization, source, and risk to soil and human. It also explores how MNPs interact with soil physical and chemical properties, their toxicity to soil biota, and the potential for MNPs to serve as vectors for pollutants and pathogens. Microplastic was found to be ubiquitous in soil matrices worldwide but here is a lack of adequate research on microplastic in soil, especially in Nigeria. Microplastic enters the soil from different sources and accumulates over time. Some studies suggest that microplastic may interact with other pollutants and affect soil quality and function, and even move along the food web. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of MNPs in agricultural soils useful to guide efforts in mitigating their adverse effects. It has been found that impacts of microplastic in soil depend on its shape, composition, and environmental factors. Several research gaps that need to be addressed were also identified.

ACID AND ALKALINE PRETREATMENT OF BIOCHAR AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE REMOVAL OF BISPHENOL A FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

2024-11-08T08:54:08+00:00

This work prepared and compared the efficacies of HNO3 and NH4OH pretreated sugarcane biochar (HNO3-BC and NH4OH-BC) and untreated sugarcane biochar (BC) for the removal of Bisphenol A from aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized using SEM and FTIR to observe their morphology and functional group. Further characterization was done for pore volume, bulk density, surface area, pH, moisture and ash contents. Adsorption studies was done by batch process to determine the effect of variation in contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration, temperature and pH on the removal of bisphenol A by the adsorbents. Results from the analysis showed that adsorption was more favourable and efficient with NH4OH-BC (which was able to remove about 98.30% of BPA at dosage of 0.10g, pH 6, concentration of 70mg/l, time 40 min and temperature of 25oC) than HNO3-BC and BC. Chemically activated adsorbents are very efficient and can be used as an alternative to expensive adsorbents for the uptake of BPA from industrial effluents and other sources before they are discharged into the environment.

CORROSION INHIBITION STUDIES USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Mallotus oppositifolius ON MILD STEEL IN ACID ENVIRONMENT.

2024-11-08T08:41:22+00:00

The corrosion of metals is a significant environmental issue that needs to be arrested with the aim of protecting the lifespan of metals. In this study, a leaf extract from Mallotus oppositifolius (MOE) was tested as an inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl corrodent solution. Inhibitive effects of (MOE) on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl solution was investigated using gravimetric method. The corrosion rate of mild steel decreased in the presence of MOE. A gravimetric method was used and the results obtained indicated that the optimum inhibition efficiency was 88.7 % at an extract concentration of 1000 ppm at 323 K. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the MOE concentration and with the period of contact. The effect of temperature, MOE concentration and immersion time on the corrosion rate of mild steel in HCl solution in the absences and presence of MOE was also studied. The inhibition efficiency of MOE increased with increase in temperature up to 323 K and beyond this decrease was noted. The adsorption of the MOE on mild steel is endothermic, spontaneous and is best described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Calculated values of free energies of adsorption indicate that the adsorption of MOE on mild steel surface is spontaneous and agrees with the chemisorption mechanism that supports the mechanism of chemisorption.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND INVITRO-ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF 3- NITRO –N- (3-NITROBENZYLIDINE) ANILINE SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES OF COBALT (II) AND CU (II)

2024-11-08T08:35:02+00:00

Schiff base derived from an equimolar amount of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde with P-nitro aniline was synthesized. The Schiff base was subsequently reacted with Cobalt (II) chloride and Copper (II) chloride to form the metal complexes. The compounds were characterized using FTIR, UV-visible, melting point/decomposition and solubility test. The solubility test of the compounds showed that they are soluble in most organic solvents and the melting point of the schiff base ligand was found to be 147.8 oC and the decomposition temperature of the Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) were found to be 158.8oC and 157.9oC for the Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) complexes respectively. The UV and the IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of complex. The antimicrobial studies of the synthesized ligands and their Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) metal complexes were carried out against Aspergillus, Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The results indicated that the metal complexes were more active than the ligand but less active compared to standard drugs (ciprofloxacin and fluconazole).

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH ROM Manihot esculenta MODIFIED WITH Terminalia mantaly GUM

2024-11-08T08:27:00+00:00

Starch extracted from the roots of Manihot esculenta and its composite blends with gum from Terminalia mantaly were studied for their physical, chemical and functional properties using standard experimental procedures. The proximate analysis of the starch gave values of 15.04 %, 84.96 %, 1.202 %, 0.97 %, 1.15 %, 0.635 %, and 96.655 % for moisture, dry matter, crude protein, ash, crude fibre, crude fat and carbohydrate respectively. The energy value was 394.715 Kcal/100 g. The amylose and amylopectin contents of the starch were 19.655 and 66.085 % respectively. There were significant differences in the water and oil absorption capacities, swelling power, solubility index, bulk/particle density and foaming capacity of the free starch and its blends while there were no significant differences in their gelation temperature and least gelation concentration. The peak and trough viscosities ranged from 399.08 (starch/gum ratio of 3.0:0.25) to 376.58 RVU (starch/gum ratio of 3.0:1.0) and 78.67 (starch/gum ratio of 3.0:0.25) to 115.58 RVU (starch/gum ratio of 3.0:1.0) respectively. Final viscosity ranged from 133.08 (starch/gum ratio of 3.0:0.25) to 187.83 RVU (starch/gum ratio of 3.0:1.0) while the pasting temperature and time ranged from 73.45 to 76.00 ? and 3.33 to 3.67 min, respectively. The morphology of the starch granules (size and shape) was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed that M. esculenta free starch showed asymmetric and irregular shaped granules with primarily ellipsoid and oval shapes. The modified starch showed oval, truncated and spherical granules. These variations in morphology of the granules could be attributed to the modification with T. mantaly gum as well as the biological origins of both the M. esculenta starch and the gums. Generally, there were improvements in the functional properties of the starch after modification.

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY EFFECTS OF FRIED CAT FISH EXTRACT ON BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS

2024-10-31T10:16:24+00:00

Some food processing techniques have been linked with formation of toxic chemicals known as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are found in some processed foods and have been widely attributed to the prevalence of cancer of liver and stomach in Nigeria. However, the toxicological effects of the consumption of fried fish have not been adequately documented. Therefore, this study investigated the toxicological effects of PAHs in fried cat fish on Wistar rats. Fifty five rats were used in the study and they were divided into control and ten treatment groups with daily administration of fried fish extract at dosage of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg body weight to the rats for 14 days. The results showed that the activities of serum, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phospherase (ALP), asparte aminotransferase (AST) as well as urea and creatinine concentration were affected across the treated groups of animals which were indications for hepatorenal damage. White blood cell (WBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed significant changes in response to the administered dosage compared to the control. The liver showed no significant histopathological changes between the test rats and control. The architecture of sections of kidney treated groups was similar to that of the control in which the renal corpuscles maintained their normal size of urinary space and normal tubular structures with no necrosis observed. The result revealed that there can be potential toxicity if there is repeated indulgence to fried cat fish at the temperatures between 160 – 230 oC.

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOBRIQUETTE FROM BIOMASS OF MANGO LEAF, SAW DUST AND RICE HUSK AS EFFICIENT ENERGY SOURCES FOR COOKING

2024-10-31T11:19:50+00:00

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven interest in alternative biomass sources for energy production. This study investigates the production and characterization of bio briquettes made from different biomass of mango leaves, sawdust, and rice huskusing limestone as binder. The objective is to evaluate the potential of these biomass materials as efficient energy sources for cooking. The bio briquettes were produced using a standard briquetting process, involving mixing, compaction, and drying. Various parameters including ultimate and proximate composition, calorific value, bulk density, hardness and durability as well as mechanical and combustion properties were analyzed to assess their performance. The results demonstrated that the bio briquettes exhibited high calorific values between 20753 to 20506 KJ/kg and high percentage of fixed carbon between 4.18 to 5.58 % which generally indicates good fuel performance.The results also indicated that the bio briquettes has low Sulphur content and high volatile matter content between 50.53 to 62.84 % an indication that they are ecofriendly and can easily burn to yield energy. The bio briquettes of mango leaves, sawdust, and rice husk not only leverages agricultural waste but also contributes to reducing dependency on non-renewable energy sources. This research underscores the potential of utilizing locally available biomass for sustainable energy solutions and offers insights into improving the efficiency of bio briquette production.

DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF ZINC IN PURE LINE MAIZE AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN GRAINS AND SILKS GROWN ACROSS NIGERIA.

2024-10-31T11:10:51+00:00

Approximately, 17 percent of the world's population is at risk of zinc (Zn) deficiency. According to literature maize grains and silks are rich in Zn, and the amount varies reflecting different varieties and ecosystems. The amount of Zn in some pure line maize and seasonal variations in grains and silks grown across Nigeria's six geopolitical and seven vegetation zones were determined using acid digestion, and analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The amount of Zn in the pure line (22.40 mg kg- 1 to 22.46 mg kg-1) and the open-pollinated (22.39 mg kg-1 to 22.48 mg kg-1) maize grains are within the same range, likewise, the white and yellow maize silks (27.99 mg kg-1 to 28.10 mg kg-1) but are higher than the amount in their respective grains. The Mann-Whitney U test at 0.05 significant level was used to evaluate the seasonal variation of Zn. There is no significant difference between the amount of Zn in the white maize grains, likewise, the white and yellow maize silks grown in the dry and rainy seasons across Nigeria's geopolitical and vegetation zones. Except in the South-East where the amount of Zn in the yellow maize grains is significantly higher in the dry season compared with the rainy season. Potentially, 0.67 kg, 0.54 kg, 0.45 kg, and 0.22 kg of the maize grains, and 0.54 kg, 0.43 kg, 0.36 kg, and 0.18 kg silks are recommended for Zn daily dietary intake for men, females, adolescents, and formula-fed babies, respectively.

COMPUTATIONAL INSIGHTS INTO LEAF COMPOUNDS OF Pterocarpus santalinoides AGAINST FabH PROTEIN RECEPTOR

2024-10-31T11:05:16+00:00

Diarrhea remains one of the most prevalent diseases in Nigeria, especially among children aged between 1 and 5. The death rate by diarrheal disease is about 1.5 million per year, which include 620 thousand children below the age of 5, and 320 thousand adults above the age of 70, Diarrheal disease has been ranked as the second leading cause of mortality of children. Ethno medical and scientific reports abound on using the extract from the leaf of Pterocarpus santalinoides for treatment of diarrhea of any kind. GCMS analysis was carried out to determine the bioactive compound present in the leaf extract responsible for the efficacy and result revealed the presence of 13 bioactive compounds with Oxiraneundecanoic acid, 3-pentyl-cis-methyl ester (37.89 %), Oleic Acid (35.49%) and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methylester (12.35%) as the most abundant. The result indicated that the efficacy of the plant against diarrhea diseases could be linked to 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methylester found in the crude extract. The bioactive compounds from the extract were docked on the diarrhea protein crystal structure of beta-ketoacyl-acp synthase iii + malonyl-coa FabH (1HNJ) to know their binding affinities and compared with that of co-crystallize ligand and standard drug. The docking result showed that the cocrystallize ligand has the best binding affinity of -7.6 kcal/mol, followed by the phytocompound 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methylester (6.7 kcal/mol). 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester has affinity -6.3 kcal/mol, Aspidospermidin-17-ol and oleic acid have affinity ( -6.1 kcal/mol) while Hexadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester and phytol both have (- 6.0kcal/mol) respectively while Undec-10-ynoic acid, undecyl ester has affinity (-5.9kcal/mol). The result revealed that the co-crystallize ligand has the best affinity followed by all the phytocompounds from the extract while the commercial drug has less affinity but with a very good interaction. All the compounds from the extract have good binding affinities within the range of -6.7 – 4.9kcal/mol. The interaction results of the extracts with the disease protein proved the anti-diarrhea efficacy of the plant as acclaimed ethnomedically therefore validating its traditional use against diarrhea diseases.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS, GC-MS PROFILE AND ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF Rauwolfia vomitoria n-HEXANE ROOT EXTRACT

2024-10-31T10:57:25+00:00

Rauwolfia vomitoria is a tropical medicinal plant that has been used traditionally in the management of several diseases. In this study, the phytocontents and the preliminary alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of the n-hexane extracts of R. vomitoria was investigated. The dried plant material, R. vomitoria root was extracted by macerating in n-hexane for 72 h. The phytochemical screening and quantity of the alkaloids, flavonoid, and saponins in the extract and plant materials was determined using standard methods. The Preliminary alpha amylase inhibitory activity of the extract was carried out using starch iodide reagent assay. The phytochemical contents of the root extract were determined out using Gas Chromatography and Mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The extraction of R. vomitoria yielded 2.30% n-Hexane extract. The phytochemical screening of the extract shows the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponins, reducing sugar, de-oxy sugars and steroids while quantitative phytochemical analysis showed the root contain alkaloids: 11.2±0.06, flavonoids: 16.6 ±0.12 and saponins: 14.8 ±0.18. The extract gave a positive alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. The GC-MS indicated the presence of twelve compounds, which are basically long chain fatty acids and esters and the most abundant compound is n-Hexadecanoic acid. Most of the compounds detected have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and enzyme inhibitory activities which may explain the various traditional uses of this plant and the observed alpha-amylase inhibitory activity

ASSESSMENT OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED SALICYLALDEHYDE-BASED SCHIFF BASES AS CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR CARBON STEEL IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT

2024-10-31T10:51:53+00:00

A novel and eco-friendly approach for synthesizing two salicylaldehyde-based Schiff bases (2HPP and BHBD) in aqueous environments has been successfully conducted. These synthesized Schiff bases were subjected to a range of physicochemical analyses, including CHNS elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, and spectroscopic techniques like IR, electronic, 1HNMR, and mass spectra, to ascertain their properties. The research also involved investigating the inhibitory properties of these Schiff bases against mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solutions at a temperature of 30°C. The results obtained from this study revealed the remarkable inhibitory potential of 2HPP and BHBD on mild steel corrosion in HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing concentration, ultimately reaching an impressive maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.50% and 94.54 % for 2HPP and BHBD, respectively. The adsorption behavior of 2HPP and BHBD followed the Langmuir isotherm, indicating a favorable interaction with the metal surface. Moreover, the investigations included the use of quantum chemical parameters, which were computed utilizing the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. These calculations included energy gap assessments, which lent support to the excellent inhibiting performance of both Schiff basses. However, BHBD appeared to be a more efficient inhibitor than 2APP.

THE ANTHOCYANIN METAL INTERACTIONS: AN OVERVIEW

2024-10-31T10:28:52+00:00

Anthocyanin is one of the phenolic compounds found in various parts of plants. Its study has become an area of scientific exploration due to reports gathered on its reactivity, bioactive properties, and usefulness in pharmaceutics, agriculture and food production. This study investigated recently characterized anthocyanins to identify variations based on plants, plant parts, the ligand characteristics of the isolated anthocyanin, and the need for quick reference for natural product chemists in the areas of isolation and synthesis. The in vivo and in vitro metal anthocyanin complexes (MAC) were investigated to expand isolated compounds, synthesis, characterization, and study probable kinetics involving new MAC and its applications. The data reviewed was obtained from research reports found on the Web from 2014 to 2023. Results of the reviewed studies indicate anthocyanins have been isolated and characterized from different plants and all plant parts: leaves, pulp, seeds, peels, stems, and roots. The anthocyanidins (aglycone) have been derivatized through hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation due to the presence of many reactive centers, producing over 800 forms of anthocyanins characterized to date. Chelation of anthocyanin in vitro has been studied with several metals and metalloids, using the outcome in some cases to monitor and re-produce compounds formed in vivo. Several applications of anthocyanins and MAC have been found and are still under investigation, anthocyanins and its derivatives are being screened for ethnobotanical roles and their random applications in other human endeavors.

STUDY ON THE UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF SUDAN III AND SUDAN IV DYES IN DIFFERENT ORGANIC SOLVENTS

2024-10-31T10:21:39+00:00

Uv/vis spectroscopy is a simple, low cost technique that can be used to identify and quantify adultrants such as azo dyes in foods. In this study, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectral properties of Sudan III and Sudan IV dyes in non-polar solvent hexane, moderately polar solvent acetonitrile, and highly polar solvent ethanol were investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results showed that the absorption peaks of Sudan III dye in hexane, acetonitrile and ethanol were within wavelenth ranges of 254-362 nm, 264-364 nm and 258-348 nm respectively, while the absorption peaks of Sudan IV dye in hexane, acetonitrile and ethanol were within the wavelenth ranges of 256-345nm, 262-367nm and 275- 369nm respectively, with the dyes absorbing maximally within the ultra violent region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This study will be very useful to the food scientists as it will assist in determining the appropriate wavelength for measuring/quantifying sudan lll and sudan IV dyes in food as the trend of azo dye adulteration of food such as palm oil is now rampant and has become one of the major challenges of food safety.